diff --git a/shlax/actions/copy.py b/shlax/actions/copy.py
index 848917d..02d549e 100644
--- a/shlax/actions/copy.py
+++ b/shlax/actions/copy.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import binascii
 import glob
 import os
 
+from ..exceptions import ShlaxException
+
 
 class Copy:
     def __init__(self, *args):
@@ -15,12 +17,16 @@ class Copy:
             else:
                 self.src.append(src)
 
-    def listfiles(self):
+    async def listfiles(self, target):
         if getattr(self, '_listfiles', None):
             return self._listfiles
 
         result = []
         for src in self.src:
+            if not await target.parent.exists(src):
+                target.output.fail(self)
+                raise ShlaxException(f'File not found {src}')
+
             if os.path.isfile(src):
                 result.append(src)
                 continue
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ class Copy:
     async def __call__(self, target):
         await target.mkdir(self.dst)
 
-        for path in self.listfiles():
+        for path in await self.listfiles(target):
             if os.path.isdir(path):
                 await target.mkdir(os.path.join(self.dst, path))
             elif '/' in path:
@@ -55,9 +61,11 @@ class Copy:
     def __str__(self):
         return f'Copy({", ".join(self.src)}, {self.dst})'
 
-    async def cachekey(self):
+    async def cachekey(self, target):
         async def chksum(path):
             with open(path, 'rb') as f:
                 return (path, str(binascii.crc32(f.read())))
-        results = await asyncio.gather(*[chksum(f) for f in self.listfiles()])
+        results = await asyncio.gather(
+            *[chksum(f) for f in await self.listfiles(target)]
+        )
         return {path: chks for path, chks in results}
diff --git a/shlax/cli.py b/shlax/cli.py
index 194d576..5659b1a 100644
--- a/shlax/cli.py
+++ b/shlax/cli.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import importlib
 import os
 import sys
 
-from .proc import ProcFailure
+from .exceptions import ShlaxException
 
 
 class Group(cli2.Group):
@@ -57,10 +57,11 @@ class Command(cli2.Command):
 
         try:
             result = super().__call__(*argv)
-        except ProcFailure:
+        except ShlaxException as exc:
             # just output the failure without TB, as command was already
             # printed anyway
-            pass
+            self.exit_code = 1
+            self['target'].value.output.fail(exc)
 
         if self['target'].value.results:
             if self['target'].value.results[-1].status == 'failure':
diff --git a/shlax/proc.py b/shlax/proc.py
index 41b58f2..e44f631 100644
--- a/shlax/proc.py
+++ b/shlax/proc.py
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ import os
 import shlex
 import sys
 
+from .exceptions import ShlaxException
 from .output import Output
 
 
-class ProcFailure(Exception):
+class ProcFailure(ShlaxException):
     def __init__(self, proc):
         self.proc = proc
 
diff --git a/shlax/targets/buildah.py b/shlax/targets/buildah.py
index 7de8bd5..4ee3153 100644
--- a/shlax/targets/buildah.py
+++ b/shlax/targets/buildah.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class Buildah(Target):
                 prefix = tag
                 break
         if hasattr(action, 'cachekey'):
-            action_key = action.cachekey()
+            action_key = action.cachekey(self)
             if asyncio.iscoroutine(action_key):
                 action_key = str(await action_key)
         else: