wip

podctl/build.py

@@ -11,46 +11,67 @@ from .script import Script
 
 
 class Build(Script):
-    def __init__(self, container):
+    """
+    The build script iterates over visitors and runs the build functions, it
+    also provides wrappers around the buildah command.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.container = container
-        self.log = []
         self.mounts = dict()
 
     async def config(self, line):
+        """Run buildah config."""
         return await self.append(f'buildah config {line} {self.ctr}')
 
     async def copy(self, src, dst):
+        """Run buildah copy to copy a file from host into container."""
         return await self.append(f'buildah copy {self.ctr} {src} {dst}')
 
-    async def exec(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        kwargs.setdefault('prefix', self.container.name)
-        proc = await Proc(*args, **kwargs)()
-        if kwargs.get('wait', True):
-            await proc.wait()
-        return proc
-
     async def cexec(self, *args, user=None, **kwargs):
-        _args = ['buildah', 'run', self.ctr]
+        """Execute a command in the container."""
+        _args = ['buildah', 'run']
         if user:
             _args += ['--user', user]
-        _args += ['--', 'sh', '-euc']
+        _args += [self.ctr, '--', 'sh', '-euc']
-        return await self.exec(*(_args + list(args)))
+        return await self.exec(*(_args + [' '.join([str(a) for a in args])]))
+
+    async def crexec(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Execute a command in the container as root."""
+        kwargs['user'] = 'root'
+        return await self.cexec(*args, **kwargs)
 
     async def mount(self, src, dst):
+        """Mount a host directory into the container."""
         target = self.mnt / str(dst)[1:]
         await self.exec(f'mkdir -p {src} {target}')
         await self.exec(f'mount -o bind {src} {target}')
         self.mounts[src] = dst
 
     async def umounts(self):
+        """Unmount all mounted directories from the container."""
         for src, dst in self.mounts.items():
             await self.exec('umount', self.mnt / str(dst)[1:])
 
     async def umount(self):
+        """Unmount the buildah container with buildah unmount."""
         await self.exec(f'buildah unmount {self.ctr}')
 
-    def which(self, cmd):
+    async def paths(self):
-        for path in self.container.paths:
+        """Return the list of $PATH directories"""
-            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.mnt, path[1:], cmd)):
+        return (await self.cexec('echo $PATH')).out.split(':')
-                return True
+
+    async def which(self, cmd):
+        """
+        Return the first path to the cmd in the container.
+
+        If cmd argument is a list then it will try all commands.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(cmd, (list, tuple)):
+            cmd = [cmd]
+
+        for path in await self.paths():
+            for c in cmd:
+                p = os.path.join(self.mnt, path[1:], c)
+                if os.path.exists(p):
+                    return p[len(str(self.mnt)):]

podctl/console_script.py

@@ -4,18 +4,34 @@ docker & docker-compose frustrated me, podctl unfrustrates me.
 
 import asyncio
 import cli2
-import importlib
+import inspect
 import os
 import sys
 
 from .container import Container
 from .pod import Pod
-from .proc import WrongResult
+from .exceptions import Mistake, WrongResult
 from .service import Service
 
 
-@cli2.option('debug', help='Print debug output', color=cli2.GREEN, alias='d')
+class ConsoleScript(cli2.ConsoleScript):
-async def build(*services_or_flags, **kwargs):
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        import inspect
+        from podctl.podfile import Podfile
+        self.podfile = Podfile.factory(os.getenv('PODFILE', 'pod.py'))
+        for name in self.podfile.pod.script_names():
+            self[name] = self.podfile.pod.script(name)
+            '''
+            ee = self.script(pod, name)
+            ee.__doc__ = inspect.getdoc(cb)
+            self[name] = cli2.Callable(name, ee)
+            '''
+
+        super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def script(script_name):
+        async def script(*services_or_flags, **options):
             flags = []
             services = []
             for arg in services_or_flags:
@@ -38,57 +54,16 @@ async def build(*services_or_flags, **kwargs):
             for name, service in services.items():
                 service.container.name = name
                 service.container.flags = flags
-        procs.append(service.container.script('build', flags))
+                procs.append(service.container.script(script_name, flags))
 
             try:
                 result = await asyncio.gather(*procs)
+            except Mistake as e:
+                print(e)
+                sys.exit(1)
             except WrongResult:
                 sys.exit(1)
-
+        return script
-
-class ConsoleScript(cli2.ConsoleScript):
-    def __setitem__(self, name, cb):
-        if name != 'help':
-            cli2.option(
-                'file',
-                alias='f',
-                help='Path to pod definition (default: pod.py)',
-                color=cli2.YELLOW,
-                default='pod.py',
-            )(cb.target)
-            cli2.option(
-                'home',
-                alias='h',
-                help=f'Pod home (default is cwd: {os.getcwd()})',
-                color=cli2.YELLOW,
-                default=os.getcwd(),
-            )(cb.target)
-        super().__setitem__(name, cb)
-
-    def call(self, command):
-        if command.name != 'help':
-            self.path = self.parser.options['file']
-            self.home = self.parser.options['home']
-            self.containers = dict()
-            self.pods = dict()
-            self.pod = None
-            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('pod', self.path)
-            pod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-            spec.loader.exec_module(pod)
-            for name, value in pod.__dict__.items():
-                if isinstance(value, Container):
-                    self.containers[name] = value
-                elif isinstance(value, Pod):
-                    self.pods[name] = value
-
-            if 'pod' in self.pods:
-                self.pod = self.pods['pod']
-            if not self.pod:
-                self.pod = Pod(*[
-                    Service(name, value, restart='no')
-                    for name, value in self.containers.items()
-                ])
-        return super().call(command)
 
 
 console_script = ConsoleScript(__doc__).add_module('podctl.console_script')

podctl/container.py

@@ -3,28 +3,17 @@ import os
 import shlex
 
 from .build import Build
+from .run import Run
 from .visitable import Visitable
 
 
 class Container(Visitable):
     default_scripts = dict(
-        build=Build,
+        build=Build(),
+        run=Run(),
     )
-    paths = [
-        '/bin',
-        '/sbin',
-        '/usr/bin',
-        '/usr/sbin',
-    ]
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def script(self, name):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        script = super().script(name)
-        self.log = []
+        script.container = self
-
+        return script
-    async def script(self, name, flags, loop=None):
-        self.loop = loop or asyncio.events.get_event_loop()
-        self.packages = []
-        for visitor in self.visitors:
-            self.packages += getattr(visitor, 'packages', [])
-        result = await super().script(name, loop)
-        return result

podctl/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class PodctlException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Mistake(PodctlException):
+    pass
+
+
+class WrongResult(PodctlException):
+    pass

podctl/pod.py

@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
+import os
+
+from .script import Script
+from .visitable import Visitable
 
 
-class Pod:
+class Pod(Visitable):
-    def __init__(self, *services, **scripts):
+    def script_names(self):
-        self.scripts = scripts
+        for name in self.scripts.keys():
-        self.services = {s.name: s for s in services}
+            yield name
+
+        for visitor in self.visitors:
+            for script in visitor.scripts.keys():
+                yield script
+
+    def script(self, name):
+        for script_name in self.scripts.keys():
+            if script_name == name:
+                break
+        script.pod = self
+        return script

podctl/podfile.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import importlib
+
+from .container import Container
+from .pod import Pod
+
+
+class Podfile:
+    def __init__(self, pods, containers):
+        self.pods = pods
+        self.containers = containers
+        if not self.pods:
+            self.pods['pod'] = Pod(*containers.values())
+
+    @property
+    def pod(self):
+        return self.pods['pod']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def factory(cls, path):
+        containers = dict()
+        pods = dict()
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('pod', path)
+        pod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(pod)
+        for name, value in pod.__dict__.items():
+            if isinstance(value, Container):
+                containers[name] = value
+                value.name = name
+            elif isinstance(value, Pod):
+                pods[name] = value
+                value.name = name
+
+        return cls(pods, containers)

podctl/proc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""
+Asynchronous process execution wrapper.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import shlex
+import sys
+
+from .exceptions import WrongResult
+
+
+class PrefixStreamProtocol(asyncio.subprocess.SubprocessStreamProtocol):
+    """
+    Internal subprocess stream protocol to add a prefix in front of output to
+    make asynchronous output readable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, prefix, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data):
+        if fd in (1, 2):
+            for line in data.split(b'\n'):
+                if not line:
+                    continue
+                sys.stdout.buffer.write(
+                    self.prefix.encode('utf8') + b' | ' + line + b'\n'
+                )
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+        super().pipe_data_received(fd, data)
+
+def protocol_factory(prefix):
+    def _p():
+        return PrefixStreamProtocol(
+            prefix,
+            limit=asyncio.streams._DEFAULT_LIMIT,
+            loop=asyncio.events.get_event_loop()
+        )
+    return _p
+'''
+
+async def proc(args, prefix=None, wait=True, raises=True):
+    loop = asyncio.events.get_event_loop()
+    transport, protocol = await loop.subprocess_exec(
+        protocol_factory(prefix), *args)
+    proc = asyncio.subprocess.Process(transport, protocol, loop)
+
+    if wait:
+        stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
+        log['result'] = await proc.wait()
+
+    if raises and log['result']:
+        raise WrongResult()
+
+    if wait:
+        return log
+
+    return proc
+'''
+
+
+class Proc:
+    """
+    Subprocess wrapper.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        proc = Proc('find', '/', prefix='containername')
+
+        await proc()     # execute
+
+        print(proc.out)  # stdout
+        print(proc.err)  # stderr
+        print(proc.rc)   # return code
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, prefix=None, raises=True):
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            if isinstance(args[0], (list, tuple)):
+                args = args[0]
+            else:
+                args = ['sh', '-euc', ' '.join(args)]
+        self.args = [str(a) for a in args]
+        self.cmd = shlex.join(self.args)
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.raises = raises
+        self.called = False
+        self.communicated = False
+
+    async def __call__(self, wait=True):
+        if self.called:
+            raise Exception('Already called: ' + self.cmd)
+
+        print(f'{self.prefix} | + {self.cmd}')
+
+        loop = asyncio.events.get_event_loop()
+        transport, protocol = await loop.subprocess_exec(
+            protocol_factory(self.prefix), *self.args)
+        self.proc = asyncio.subprocess.Process(transport, protocol, loop)
+        self.called = True
+
+        if wait:
+            await self.wait()
+
+        return self
+
+    async def communicate(self):
+        self.out_raw, self.err_raw = await self.proc.communicate()
+        self.out = self.out_raw.decode('utf8').strip()
+        self.err = self.err_raw.decode('utf8').strip()
+        self.rc = self.proc.returncode
+        self.communicated = True
+        return self
+
+    async def wait(self):
+        if not self.called:
+            await self()
+        if not self.communicated:
+            await self.communicate()
+        if self.raises and self.proc.returncode:
+            raise WrongResult()
+        return self

podctl/run.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .script import Script
+
+
+class Run(Script):
+    """Run a container"""

podctl/script.py

@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
 import textwrap
 
+from .proc import Proc
+
 
 class Script:
-    pass
+    async def exec(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Execute a command on the host."""
+        kwargs.setdefault('prefix', self.container.name)
+        proc = await Proc(*args, **kwargs)()
+        if kwargs.get('wait', True):
+            await proc.wait()
+        return proc
+
+    async def __call__(self, name, loop=None):
+        script = copy(self.scripts[name])
+        script.loop = loop or asyncio.events.get_event_loop()
+        results = []
+
+        async def clean():
+            for visitor in self.visitors:
+                if hasattr(visitor, 'clean_' + name):
+                    result = getattr(visitor, 'clean_' + name)(script)
+                    if result:
+                        await result
+
+        for prefix in ('init_', 'pre_', '', 'post_', 'clean_'):
+            method = prefix + name
+            for visitor in self.visitors:
+                if not hasattr(visitor, method):
+                    continue
+
+                rep = {k: v if not isinstance(v, object) else type(v).__name__ for k, v in visitor.__dict__.items()}
+                print(self.name + ' | ', type(visitor).__name__, method, rep)
+                result = getattr(visitor, method)(script)
+                if result:
+                    try:
+                        await result
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        await clean()
+                        raise

podctl/visitable.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import asyncio
 from copy import copy
 
 
@@ -7,36 +8,12 @@ class Visitable:
     def __init__(self, *visitors, **scripts):
         self.visitors = list(visitors)
         self.scripts = scripts or {
-            k: v(self) for k, v in self.default_scripts.items()
+            k: v for k, v in self.default_scripts.items()
         }
 
-    async def script(self, name, loop):
+    def script(self, name):
         script = copy(self.scripts[name])
-        script.loop = loop
+        return script
-        results = []
-
-        async def clean():
-            for visitor in self.visitors:
-                if hasattr(visitor, 'clean_' + name):
-                    result = getattr(visitor, 'clean_' + name)(self)
-                    if result:
-                        await result
-
-        for prefix in ('init_', 'pre_', '', 'post_', 'clean_'):
-            method = prefix + name
-            for visitor in self.visitors:
-                if not hasattr(visitor, method):
-                    continue
-
-                rep = {k: v if not isinstance(v, object) else type(v).__name__ for k, v in visitor.__dict__.items()}
-                print(self.name + ' | ', type(visitor).__name__, method, rep)
-                result = getattr(visitor, method)(script)
-                if result:
-                    try:
-                        await result
-                    except Exception as e:
-                        await clean()
-                        raise
 
     def visitor(self, name):
         for visitor in self.visitors:

podctl/visitors/__init__.py

@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ from .mount import Mount  # noqa
 from .packages import Packages  # noqa
 from .pip import Pip  # noqa
 from .run import Run  # noqa
-from .template import Template  # noqa
+from .template import Append, Template  # noqa
 from .user import User  # noqa
+from .uwsgi import uWSGI  # noqa

podctl/visitors/base.py

@@ -9,5 +9,7 @@ class Base:
         script.ctr = Path((await script.exec('buildah', 'from', self.base)).out)
         script.mnt = Path((await script.exec('buildah', 'mount', script.ctr)).out)
 
-    async def post_build(self, script):
+    async def clean_build(self, script):
         await script.umounts()
+        await script.umount()
+        proc = await script.exec('buildah', 'rm', script.ctr, raises=False)

podctl/visitors/commit.py

@@ -42,20 +42,24 @@ class Commit:
         # filter out tags which resolved to None
         self.tags = [t for t in self.tags if t is not None]
 
+        # default tag by default ...
+        if not self.tags:
+            self.tags = ['latest']
+
     async def post_build(self, script):
-        await script.exec(
+        self.sha = (await script.exec(
             'buildah',
             'commit',
             '--format=' + self.format,
             script.ctr,
-        )
+        )).out
 
         if 'master' in self.tags:
             self.tags.append('latest')
 
         if self.tags:
             tags = ' '.join([f'{self.repo}:{tag}' for tag in self.tags])
-            await script.run('buildah', 'tag', self.repo, ' '.join(tags))
+            await script.exec('buildah', 'tag', self.sha, self.repo, tags)
 
             if self.push:
                 user = os.getenv('DOCKER_USER')
@@ -72,5 +76,12 @@ class Commit:
                     )
 
                 for tag in self.tags:
-                    await script.run('podman', 'push', f'{self.repo}:{tag}')
+                    await script.exec('podman', 'push', f'{self.repo}:{tag}')
         await script.umount()
+
+    async def run(self, script):
+        await script.exec(
+            'podman', 'run', '-d',
+            '--name', script.container.name,
+            ':'.join((self.repo, self.tags[0])),
+        )

podctl/visitors/packages.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
+import copy
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from glob import glob
@@ -8,6 +9,14 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 
 
 class Packages:
+    """
+    The Packages visitor wraps around the container's package manager.
+
+    It's a central piece of the build process, and does iterate over other
+    container visitors in order to pick up packages. For example, the Pip
+    visitor will declare ``self.packages = dict(apt=['python3-pip'])``, and the
+    Packages visitor will pick it up.
+    """
     mgrs = dict(
         apk=dict(
             update='apk update',
@@ -31,99 +40,113 @@ class Packages:
         ),
     )
 
+    installed = []
+
     def __init__(self, *packages, **kwargs):
-        self.packages = list([
+        self.packages = []
-            dedent(l).strip().replace('\n', ' ') for l in packages
+
-        ])
+        for package in packages:
+            line = dedent(package).strip().replace('\n', ' ')
+            self.packages += line.split(' ')
+
         self.mgr = kwargs.pop('mgr') if 'mgr' in kwargs else None
 
     @property
-    def cache(self):
+    def cache_root(self):
         if 'CACHE_DIR' in os.environ:
-            return os.path.join(os.getenv('CACHE_DIR'), self.mgr)
+            return os.path.join(os.getenv('CACHE_DIR'))
         else:
-            return os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.cache', self.mgr)
+            return os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.cache')
 
     async def init_build(self, script):
-        paths = ('bin', 'sbin', 'usr/bin', 'usr/sbin')
+        cached = script.container.variable('mgr')
+        if cached:
+            self.mgr = cached
+        else:
             for mgr, cmds in self.mgrs.items():
-            for path in paths:
+                if await script.which(mgr):
-                if (script.mnt / path / mgr).exists():
                     self.mgr = mgr
-                    self.cmds = cmds
                     break
+
         if not self.mgr:
             raise Exception('Packages does not yet support this distro')
 
-    async def build(self, script):
+        self.cmds = self.mgrs[self.mgr]
-        if not getattr(script.container, '_packages_upgraded', None):
+
+    async def update(self, script):
         # run pkgmgr_setup functions ie. apk_setup
-            await getattr(self, self.mgr + '_setup')(script)
+        cachedir = await getattr(self, self.mgr + '_setup')(script)
-            # first run on container means inject visitor packages
-            self.packages += script.container.packages
-            await script.cexec(self.cmds['upgrade'])
-            script.container._packages_upgraded = True
 
-        await script.cexec(' '.join([self.cmds['install']] + self.packages))
+        lastupdate = None
+        if os.path.exists(cachedir + '/lastupdate'):
+            with open(cachedir + '/lastupdate', 'r') as f:
+                try:
+                    lastupdate = int(f.read().strip())
+                except:
+                    pass
 
-    async def apk_setup(self, script):
-        await script.mount(self.cache, f'/var/cache/{self.mgr}')
-        # special step to enable apk cache
-        await script.cexec('ln -s /var/cache/apk /etc/apk/cache')
-
-        # do we have to update ?
-        update = False
-        for f in glob(self.cache + '/APKINDEX*'):
-            mtime = os.stat(f).st_mtime
         now = int(datetime.now().strftime('%s'))
-            # expect hacker to have internet at least once a week
+        # cache for a week
-            if now - mtime > 604800:
+        if not lastupdate or now - lastupdate > 604800:
-                update = True
+            # crude lockfile implementation, should work against *most*
-                break
+            # race-conditions ...
-        else:
+            lockfile = cachedir + '/update.lock'
-            update = True
+            if not os.path.exists(lockfile):
-
+                with open(lockfile, 'w+') as f:
-        if update:
-            await self.apk_update(script)
-
-    async def apk_update(self, script):
-        while os.path.exists(self.cache + '/update'):
-            print(f'{script.container.name} | Waiting for update ...')
-            await asyncio.sleep(1)
-            return  # update was done by another job
-
-        with open(self.cache + '/update', 'w+') as f:
                     f.write(str(os.getpid()))
 
                 try:
                     await script.cexec(self.cmds['update'])
-        except:
-            raise
                 finally:
-            os.unlink(self.cache + '/update')
+                    os.unlink(lockfile)
+
+                with open(cachedir + '/lastupdate', 'w+') as f:
+                    f.write(str(now))
+            else:
+                while os.path.exists(lockfile):
+                    print(f'{script.container.name} | Waiting for update ...')
+                    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    async def build(self, script):
+        if not getattr(script.container, '_packages_upgraded', None):
+            await self.update(script)
+            await script.cexec(self.cmds['upgrade'])
+
+            # first run on container means inject visitor packages
+            packages = []
+            for visitor in script.container.visitors:
+                pp = getattr(visitor, 'packages', None)
+                if pp:
+                    if isinstance(pp, list):
+                        packages += pp
+                    elif self.mgr in pp:
+                        packages += pp[self.mgr]
+
+            script.container._packages_upgraded = True
+        else:
+            packages = self.packages
+
+        await script.crexec(*self.cmds['install'].split(' ') + packages)
+
+    async def apk_setup(self, script):
+        cachedir = os.path.join(self.cache_root, self.mgr)
+        await script.mount(cachedir, '/var/cache/apk')
+        # special step to enable apk cache
+        await script.cexec('ln -s /var/cache/apk /etc/apk/cache')
+        return cachedir
 
     async def dnf_setup(self, script):
         await script.mount(self.cache, f'/var/cache/{self.mgr}')
         await script.run('echo keepcache=True >> /etc/dnf/dnf.conf')
 
     async def apt_setup(self, script):
-        cache = self.cache + '/$(source $mnt/etc/os-release; echo $VERSION_CODENAME)/'  # noqa
+        codename = (await script.exec(
-        await script.run('rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean')
+            f'source {script.mnt}/etc/os-release; echo $VERSION_CODENAME'
-        cache_archives = os.path.join(self.cache, 'archives')
+        )).out
+        cachedir = os.path.join(self.cache_root, self.mgr, codename)
+        await script.cexec('rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean')
+        cache_archives = os.path.join(cachedir, 'archives')
         await script.mount(cache_archives, f'/var/cache/apt/archives')
-        cache_lists = os.path.join(self.cache, 'lists')
+        cache_lists = os.path.join(cachedir, 'lists')
         await script.mount(cache_lists, f'/var/lib/apt/lists')
-
+        return cachedir
-        await script.run(self.cmds['update'])
-        """
-        await script.append(f'''
-        old="$(find {cache_lists} -name lastup -mtime +3)"
-        if [ -n "$old" ] || ! ls {cache_lists}/lastup; then
-            until [ -z $(lsof /var/lib/dpkg/lock) ]; do sleep 1; done
-            {script._run(self.cmds['update'])}
-            touch {cache_lists}/lastup
-        else
-            echo Cache recent enough, skipping index update.
-        fi
-        ''')
-        """

podctl/visitors/pip.py

@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ import os
 
 
 class Pip:
+    packages = dict(
+        apt=['python3-pip'],
+    )
+
     def __init__(self, *pip_packages, pip=None, requirements=None):
         self.pip_packages = pip_packages
-        self.pip = pip
+        #self.pip = pip
         self.requirements = requirements
 
     async def build(self, script):
-        for pip in ('pip3', 'pip', 'pip2'):
+        self.pip = await script.which(('pip3', 'pip', 'pip2'))
-            if script.which(pip):
+        if not self.pip:
-                self.pip = pip
+            raise Exception('Could not find pip command')
-                break
 
         if 'CACHE_DIR' in os.environ:
             cache = os.path.join(os.getenv('CACHE_DIR'), 'pip')
@@ -20,16 +23,27 @@ class Pip:
             cache = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.cache', 'pip')
 
         await script.mount(cache, '/root/.cache/pip')
-        await script.run(f'sudo {self.pip} install --upgrade pip')
+        await script.crexec(f'{self.pip} install --upgrade pip')
-        source = [p for p in self.pip_packages if p.startswith('/')]
+
+        # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599
+        self.pip = 'python3 -m pip'
+
+        pip_packages = []
+        for visitor in script.container.visitors:
+            pp = getattr(visitor, 'pip_packages', None)
+            if not pp:
+                continue
+            pip_packages += pip_packages
+
+        source = [p for p in pip_packages if p.startswith('/')]
         if source:
-            await script.run(
+            await script.crexec(
-                f'sudo {self.pip} install --upgrade --editable {" ".join(source)}'
+                f'{self.pip} install --upgrade --editable {" ".join(source)}'
             )
 
-        nonsource = [p for p in self.pip_packages if not p.startswith('/')]
+        nonsource = [p for p in pip_packages if not p.startswith('/')]
         if nonsource:
-            await script.run(f'sudo {self.pip} install --upgrade {" ".join(source)}')
+            await script.crexec(f'{self.pip} install --upgrade {" ".join(nonsource)}')
 
         if self.requirements:
-            await script.run(f'sudo {self.pip} install --upgrade -r {self.requirements}')
+            await script.crexec(f'{self.pip} install --upgrade -r {self.requirements}')

podctl/visitors/template.py

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from textwrap import dedent
 
 
-CMD = '''cat <<EOF > {target}
-{script}
-EOF'''
-
 class Template:
+    CMD = dedent(
+        '''cat <<EOF > {target}
+        {script}
+        EOF'''
+    )
+
     def __init__(self, target, *lines, **variables):
         self.target = target
         self.lines = lines
@@ -15,6 +17,14 @@ class Template:
         self.script = '\n'.join([
             dedent(l).strip() for l in self.lines
         ]).format(**self.variables)
-        await script.run(CMD.strip().format(**self.__dict__))
+        await script.cexec(self.CMD.strip().format(**self.__dict__))
         if self.script.startswith('#!'):
-            await script.run('sudo chmod +x ' + self.target)
+            await script.cexec('chmod +x ' + self.target, user='root')
+
+
+class Append(Template):
+    CMD = dedent(
+        '''cat <<EOF >> {target}
+        {script}
+        EOF'''
+    )

podctl/visitors/user.py

@@ -3,25 +3,25 @@ from .packages import Packages
 
 class User:
     """Secure the image with a user"""
-    packages = [
+    packages = dict(
-        'shadow',
+        apk=['shadow'],
-    ]
+    )
 
-    def __init__(self, username, uid, home):
+    def __init__(self, username, uid, home, directories=None):
         self.username = username
         self.uid = uid
         self.home = home
         self.user_created = False
+        self.directories = directories
 
     async def build(self, script):
-        await script.run(f'''
+        try:
-            if {script._run('id ' + str(self.uid))}; then
+            await script.cexec('id', self.uid)
-                i=$({script._run('id -gn ' + str(self.uid))})
+        except:
-                {script._run('usermod -d ' + self.home + ' -l ' + self.username + ' $i')}
+            await script.cexec('useradd', '-d', self.home, '-u', self.uid, ' ',
-            else
+                    self.username)
-                {script._run('useradd -d ' + self.home + ' -u ' + str(self.uid) + ' ' + self.username)}
+        else:
-            fi
+            await script.cexec('id', '-gn', self.uid)
-        ''')  # noqa
         self.user_created = True
 
     def post_build(self, script):